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Formation of the inventive polymer composite matrix begins by growing carbon nanotubes directly on a veil substrate. The carbon nanotubes are grown from both sides of a non woven carbon fiber mat. The carbon nanotubes can be single or multi walled and can be grown to predetermined lengths. The veiled substrate is positioned between carbon fiber/ polymer prepreg layers such that the carbon nanotubes protrude into the reinforcement layers. The polymer composite matrix formed following curing of the resin exhibits improved interlaminar strength, fracture toughness and impact resistance. Because of the thinness of the veil layer, electricity can pass from conductive carbon nanotubes on one side of the veil to conductive carbon nanotubes on the other side of the veil. Electricity can also pass between two veils intercalated into the same reinforcement layer when the length of the nanotubes is sufficiently long enough to provide overlap within the reinforcement layers.

Aluminum-air batteries produce electricity from the reaction of atmospheric oxygen with aluminum. They have extremely high energy densities, but significant problems remain with byproduct removal due to use of traditional electrolytes. The electrolyte used is an aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, incorporated into a polymer-based electrolyte matrix. Traditional alkaline electrolytes enable high ionic conductivity but corrode aluminum, wasting active material and releasing hydrogen gas. Unlike free liquid electrolytes, this hybrid design holds the conductive solution in place, providing the same high ionic conductivity while dramatically reducing the uncontrolled corrosion and gas evolution that typically deplete aluminum electrodes. The polymer host also prevents leakage and drying, improving reliability under demanding conditions such as high altitude and variable temperature environments. The aluminum-air battery electrolyte is a lightweight, high-capacity, and inherently safer primary power source that can meet stringent aerospace requirements for emergency and backup energy. Beyond aircraft, the technology’s combination of high energy density, safety, and sustainable byproducts makes it attractive for electric aircraft, defense systems, and other mission-critical applications. The electrolyte for aluminum-air batteries is available for patent licensing.

NASA's new material is a toughened triaxial braid made from ductile carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn hybridized with carbon fiber, which is ultimately used as reinforcement material to make toughened polymer matrix composites. The CNT yarn component of the reinforcement is solely responsible for adding toughness, while the processes used to optimize the fiber braiding parameters and tensile properties of the carbon fiber-CNT yarn hybrid tow material determine the overall improvement in tensile strength for resin impregnated fiber tows. Bundles of continuous carbon nanotube yarns are combined with a similar format of carbon fiber, yielding an easily scalable process. Advantages of the material include reduced cost by eliminating use of toughening agents, increased ability to conform to highly complex geometries, greater environmental stability compared to aramid fiber reinforcements such as Kevlar, and possibly decreased density. Many hybrid reinforcements exhibit interfacial compatibility issues, which could lead to premature failure via crack propagation at the polymer matrix interface. In contrast, chemical similarities between the CNT yarn and carbon fiber constituents impart NASA's hybrid reinforcement material with excellent interfacial compatibility. Potential applications include aerospace components, composite pressure vessels, wind turbine blades, automotive components, prosthetics, sporting equipment, construction reinforcement material, and other use-cases where strength-to-weight ratio is of utmost importance.